Final answer:
The correct answer is A. nitrogen and phosphorus, as both elements belong to group 15 and have the same number of valence electrons, resulting in identical Lewis Dot diagrams.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks for a pair of elements that would have the same Lewis Dot diagrams. Elements in the same group in the periodic table tend to have similar valence shell electron configurations; therefore, they have similar Lewis Dot diagrams. Looking at the options provided, and knowing that nitrogen (group 15) and phosphorus (also in group 15) both have five valence electrons, they would exhibit similar Lewis Dot arrangements. This is because the Lewis Dot diagram for an element reflects its number of valence electrons, with each dot representing a valence electron.
Therefore, the correct answer is A. nitrogen and phosphorus. Both nitrogen and phosphorus are in the same group (group 15) and therefore will have one lone pair and three unpaired electrons, suggesting that both elements tend to form three covalent bonds to achieve a stable octet.