Final answer:
One of the most surprising aspects of the Victorian era was the contrast between its ideology and reality, with the rise of alcoholism and drug use. Novels critiqued the hypocrisy of social elites, and there was a shift towards mass culture.
Step-by-step explanation:
One of the most surprising aspects of the Victorian era was the contrast between the ideology of Victorian life and its lived reality. While there was a strong emphasis on morality and rectitude, there was also a rise in alcoholism and drug use. Alcohol became cheaper and urbanization led to casual drinking, while drugs like cocaine were even seen as medicinal. Novels written during this time often critiqued the hypocrisy of social elites. Additionally, the Victorian era saw the emergence of mass culture, with the spread of literacy and rise of consumerism.