Final answer:
The process by which two glucose molecules join to form maltose is called dehydration synthesis, which involves the removal of a water molecule to form a larger molecule. Option C is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Process of Forming Maltose from Glucose
When two glucose molecules join together to form the disaccharide maltose, the process is known as dehydration synthesis. This reaction involves the removal of a water molecule (H2O), hence the term 'dehydration'.
During dehydration synthesis, the hydroxyl (OH) group of one glucose molecule combines with the hydrogen (H) from another glucose molecule, releasing a water molecule and forming a covalent bond between the two glucose monomers to produce maltose.
The correct answer to the original question 'The chemical reaction above results from two glucose molecules joining to form a new molecule, maltose. What is the name of this process?' is C) Dehydration synthesis.
It's important not to confuse this process with hydrolysis, which is the reverse reaction where a water molecule is added to break down polymers into monomers such as breaking down maltose into glucose. In contrast, dehydration synthesis builds larger molecules from smaller ones, and in the context of carbohydrates, it forms disaccharides such as maltose from monosaccharides like glucose.