Final answer:
A prism is the term used to describe an object that refracts white light into a spectrum of colors. While lenses and diffraction gratings can also affect light, a prism specifically disperses it through refraction.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term also used to describe an object that refracts white light is A) Prism. Prisms work by dispersing white light into its constituent spectrum of colors, which is known as the dispersion of light. As white light passes through a prism, it is refracted and the different wavelengths are separated, creating a color spectrum similar to that of a rainbow.
Lenses, such as those found in eyeglasses or microscopes, also refract light, but they do so in a different manner. The primary function of a lens is to focus or spread out light rather than to disperse it into a spectrum. A diffraction grating, on the other hand, creates an interference pattern that can also separate white light into its component colors, but through diffraction rather than refraction.