Final answer:
A democratic government is one in which citizens elect leaders, while an absolute monarchy gives total authority to a king. Turkey recently transitioned to a presidential system, and the voting age in both Turkey and Israel is 18. Israel has maintained a parliamentary democracy since 1948, and totalitarianism describes a government with absolute power, such as in North Korea.
Step-by-step explanation:
Types of Government and Political Systems
1. A form of government where citizens elect leaders and rule by majority is known as a democratic government. In this system, elected representatives are chosen by the people to make decisions on their behalf.
2. A country that has recently transitioned from a parliamentary democracy to a presidential one is Turkey. This change reflects a shift in how the head of state and government are selected and the distribution of power within the government.
3. The form of government in which a king has total authority over the government, with the title often inherited, is called an absolute monarchy. Such governments can be found in some southwest Asian kingdoms like Saudi Arabia.
4. In a system where citizens directly elect the chief executive, it is referred to as a presidential system. This differs from parliamentary systems, where the executive is typically selected by the legislature.
5. The voting age in both Turkey and Israel is 18 years old, allowing younger members of society to participate in the decision-making process through elections.
6. A country that has had a parliamentary democracy since its creation in 1948 is Israel. Israel's government, like many democracies, combines elements of both national and proportional representation.
7. A government where a ruler holds absolute power and citizens lack the right to choose their leaders is known as a totalitarian government. North Korea is an example of such a government, where the state's control over citizens is pervasive and individual freedoms are severely limited.
8. A country where the supreme power resides in the hands of a monarch who rules for life without constitutional limits to their power is, for example, Saudi Arabia.
9. When people elect members of parliament, who then elect the head of state, the system is known as a parliamentary system. In such a system, the executive power may be vested in a separate head of state or in the parliamentary elected head, depending on the country.