Final answer:
To find the number of students who do not prefer lunch earlier, we calculate 30% of 40 to get 12 students who prefer it early, and then subtract from 40 to conclude that 28 students do not prefer it early.
Step-by-step explanation:
If 30% of the 40 students surveyed prefer lunch earlier in the day, we can calculate the number of students who do not prefer lunch earlier by first determining the number of students who do prefer it and then subtracting this number from the total student count. To find 30% of 40, we multiply 40 by 0.30:
40 students * 0.30 = 12 students
These 12 students prefer lunch earlier. To find those who do not, we subtract this number from the total:
40 students - 12 students = 28 students
Therefore, 28 students do not prefer lunch earlier in the day.