Final answer:
Urea is the waste product that can lead to dehydration when produced in large amounts due to a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet.
Step-by-step explanation:
The waste product produced in large amounts by a diet high in protein and low in carbohydrate content, which can lead to dehydration in the body, is urea. When proteins are digested, amino acids are broken down and their nitrogen is eventually converted into urea in the liver. Urea is then excreted from the body through urine, and this process requires water, which can lead to dehydration if not sufficient water is consumed.