Final Answer:
The new capital city that stayed dry during the flooding of the Nile is Option 4: Amarna. (Option 4)
Step-by-step explanation:
Amarna, established by Pharaoh Akhenaten around 1346 BCE, was strategically located on higher ground, avoiding the inundation caused by the annual flooding of the Nile. The city's elevation played a crucial role in preventing flooding, a common phenomenon in ancient Egyptian cities situated along the Nile. This unique geographical advantage distinguished Amarna from other options.
During the flooding season, the Nile River swells, depositing fertile soil on its banks but also posing a risk of inundation to settlements. Amarna's careful selection of location considered the seasonal changes of the Nile, ensuring that the capital remained unaffected by flooding. This foresight showcased the practical planning undertaken by the ancient Egyptians in establishing their cities.
Moreover, the city's preservation from flooding contributed to its historical significance. While other prominent cities like Cairo, Thebes, and Alexandria experienced the challenges posed by the Nile's annual overflow, Amarna remained a testament to innovative urban planning in ancient times. The decision to build the capital on elevated terrain showcased the ancient Egyptians' understanding of their environment and their ability to adapt to it, leaving an enduring legacy in the history of urban development in the region. (Option 4)