Final answer:
England's industrialization policy led to a negative balance of trade and economic vulnerability, while mercantilism and laws like the Calico Acts caused deindustrialization in colonies like India, leading to unemployment and economic subjugation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Industrialization and mercantilism were two major aspects of England's economic policy that had negative effects. During the time of its industrial revolution, England's refusal to impose high tariffs led to an influx of foreign goods, which resulted in a dominant presence of these goods in the English market. Additionally, by adopting mercantilist policies and laws such as the Calico Acts, England hampered the industrial capabilities of its colonies, notably India, by prohibiting the import of their finished goods to protect English weavers.
This deindustrialization led to unemployment and the loss of India's textile market share to cheap British goods. The reliance on trade for food supplies combined with a long-standing negative balance of trade put England at the brink of economic ruin, aligning with the negative balance of trade experienced by many colonial economies as they were tailored to favor the British. Navigation Acts and the economic systems in place also led to widespread dissatisfaction and ultimately fueled colonial unrest which progressed toward the American Revolutionary War.