Final answer:
Motion studies were created by C) Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, who used these analyses to improve workplace efficiency and productivity through scientific management.
Step-by-step explanation:
Motion studies are a crucial part of organizational efficiency and have been pioneered by various individuals in the field of industrial engineering and psychology. The correct answer to the question regarding who created motion studies is C) Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. These motion studies aimed to improve workplace efficiency by analyzing and reducing the number of motions required to perform a task.
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were dedicated to enhancing productivity and applied their methods across different sectors including industry, home, and office environments. Their work in the realm of scientific management and their innovative ideas, such as shelves in refrigerator doors and foot-operated trash can lids, have had a lasting impact on management practices and design efficiencies.