Final answer:
The cerebral cortex's folds are called gyri, and the grooves between them are sulci; these landmarks help map the brain's functional regions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The folds of the cerebral cortex are referred to as gyri (singular: gyrus), and the grooves between these folds are called sulci (singular: sulcus). The cerebral cortex is an extensive layer of wrinkled gray matter that covers the cerebrum, playing a crucial role in higher brain functions.
A well-known groove, the longitudinal fissure, divides the brain into two hemispheres: the left and the right hemisphere. Additionally, the folding of the cortex allows for a maximization of gray matter within the cranial cavity, with the pattern of gyri and sulci serving as landmarks to define specific regions of the cerebral cortex.