Final answer:
The consequences of being underweight, having too much body fat, and central obesity can include increased risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer, infertility, and other health issues. Central obesity, which refers to excess fat stored in the abdomen, is particularly associated with increased health risks.
Step-by-step explanation:
Obesity is defined by the body mass index (BMI), which is a measure of an individual's weight-to-height ratio. The normal, or healthy, BMI range is between 18 and 24.9 kg/m². Overweight is defined as a BMI of 25 to 29.9 kg/m², and obesity is considered to be a BMI greater than 30 kg/m².
Being extremely overweight or obese is a risk factor for several negative health consequences. These include an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, stroke, Type 2 diabetes, liver disease, sleep apnea, colon cancer, breast cancer, infertility, and arthritis.
Central obesity refers to fat distribution in the abdomen. People with central obesity, who store most of their excess fat in the abdomen, are at greater risk of the adverse health consequences of obesity than people who store most of their excess fat around the hips. Central obesity is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.