Final answer:
The cephalic phase plays a role in digestion by preparing the stomach for food intake. It is regulated by the central nervous system and involves the secretion of saliva and gastric juices. The term 'feedforward' describes the anticipatory responses during the cephalic phase.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cephalic phase plays a crucial role in digestion by preparing the stomach to receive food. It is controlled by the neural response to the stimulus provided by food, including sensory inputs such as sight, smell, and taste. When the brain receives these signals, it sends signals to increase salivation and gastric juice secretion in anticipation of food.
The cephalic phase is regulated by the central nervous system. When the brain detects the sensory inputs related to food, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters that stimulate gastric secretions. This prepares the stomach for the incoming food and aids in the subsequent digestion process.
During the cephalic phase, certain substances are secreted, such as saliva and gastric juices. Saliva contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of carbohydrates, while gastric juices contain hydrochloric acid and enzymes that help break down proteins and activate other enzymes for digestion.
The term 'feedforward' refers to the anticipatory response of the body to the stimulus provided by food during the cephalic phase. It means that the body prepares for the arrival of food by initiating physiological responses, such as increased salivation and gastric secretions, based on sensory inputs before the actual intake of food.