Final answer:
Factors that affect sleep include disruption of circadian rhythm, sleep disorders like sleep apnea and narcolepsy, and external factors like noise and temperature. Promoting normal sleep patterns can involve using bright light therapy, medication, lifestyle changes, and creating a sleep-friendly environment.
Step-by-step explanation:
There are several factors that can affect sleep patterns. One factor is disruption of the circadian rhythm, which can occur when people travel across different time zones or work rotating shifts. This can lead to insomnia, sleepiness, and decreased alertness. Bright light therapy has been found to be effective in treating circadian disruptions.
Another factor is sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea and narcolepsy. Sleep apnea is characterized by interrupted breathing during sleep, leading to poor sleep quality. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is a common treatment for sleep apnea. Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder that affects the brain's control of sleep-wake cycles. Stimulant medications and lifestyle changes, such as scheduled naps, can help manage narcolepsy.
Additionally, external factors such as environmental noise and temperature can interfere with sleep. It's important to create a sleep-friendly environment by keeping the bedroom quiet, dark, and at a comfortable temperature. Establishing a consistent sleep schedule, avoiding stimulating activities close to bedtime, and practicing good sleep hygiene can all promote normal sleep patterns.