Final answer:
Opsonization involves antibodies enhancing the recognition of pathogens by phagocytes, neutralization blocks pathogens from infecting host cells, and ADCC involves NK cells destroying antibody-coated cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of opsonization involves antibodies marking pathogens such as bacteria, making them more recognizable to phagocytic cells like macrophages and neutrophils for destruction. Neutralization occurs when antibodies coat extracellular pathogens and block key sites that are necessary for their infectivity, such as receptors that allow pathogens to dock on host cells, which prevents the pathogens from entering and infecting host cells. Finally, antibody-dependent cellular toxicity (ADCC) is a mechanism through which natural killer (NK) cells are recruited to destroy targeted cells coated with antibodies, such as virus-infected or cancer cells, by recognizing the constant region (Fc) of antibodies bound to the target cells.