Final answer:
The Olmec civilization significantly influenced both the Maya and the Aztec, particularly evident through the construction of monumental pyramid-shaped temples, the existence of ball courts, and the use of advanced calendars and number systems. The correct answer is option A. the construction of monumental pyramid-shaped temples, C. the existence of ball courts, and E. the use of a calendar and a number system.
Step-by-step explanation:
The civilization that had a significant influence on both the Maya and the Aztec was likely the Olmec civilization. The evidence of this influence includes:
- Construction of monumental pyramid-shaped temples: Both the Maya and the Aztec built massive pyramid-shaped structures, a tradition that began with earlier civilizations, like the Olmec and Teotihuacan.
- Existence of ball courts: The ritual ballgame was a common cultural heritage in Mesoamerican societies, originating from the Olmec civilization and persisting through the Maya and Aztec eras.
- Use of a calendar and a number system: Both the Maya and the Aztec had complex calendars and number systems, which were influenced by the systems first developed by the Olmecs and refined by the Maya, such as the 260-day sacred calendar and the 365-day agricultural calendar.
While other options like domestication of llamas as pack animals, presence of shell artifacts in each civilization, and worship of the same sun god might also suggest interactions, they do not directly link to Olmec influence. The domestication of llamas was more associated with the Andean civilizations (like the Inca), not the Mesoamerican Olmec, Maya, or Aztec.