Final answer:
To efficiently manage the Roman Empire, the Romans developed an extensive system of roads and infrastructure to connect the empire, with systems in place for optimized resource use and trade. Augustus Caesar established a structured bureaucracy for governance, and the military played a key role in maintaining control over the vast territories.
Step-by-step explanation:
To manage the vast Roman Empire more efficiently, the Romans introduced a common infrastructure throughout Europe, which included building roads, bridges, aqueducts, and port facilities. This network facilitated trade and movement of armies. Moreover, they optimized regional resources to empower skilled artisans, promoting economic specialization. The Roman economy was bolstered by a blend of commerce, tax collection, and funding public works and government programs. With regards to administration, Rome had levels of government on the colonial, municipal, and central levels, which helped to govern the extensive territory. The empire utilized an adaptive grid system for urban planning, borrowed from the Greeks, which included the Hippodamian grid plan featuring geometric urban planning with straight streets that cross at right angles.
Augustus Caesar, following a period of political unrest, established the empire's bureaucratic structure when he became Emperor in 27 BCE. The Roman Empire at its peak controlled territories from Spain to Syria, and from Africa to England, all ruled essentially from Rome. An effective military was also pivotal for managing the empire, with the Romans seeing a powerful army as a crucial tool for dominance.