Final answer:
Lactose intolerance is a condition caused by a deficiency of the enzyme lactase, which is necessary for digesting lactose in dairy products. Symptoms include bloating, gas, and diarrhea. Lactose-free products and lactase supplements are available to help individuals manage their intolerance.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Lactose Intolerance
Lactose intolerance is a genetic condition where individuals are deficient in the enzyme lactase, leading to an inability to digest lactose found in milk and other dairy products. This results in various symptoms such as bloating, gas, cramps, and diarrhea. Lactose intolerance is particularly common in Asian populations and tends to develop in adults as lactase production decreases with age. However, some individuals may outgrow this intolerance. To aid those with lactose intolerance, lactose-free milk and lactase tablets are available to help them digest dairy products without discomfort.
Milk and dairy products are essential sources of nutrients, but they also contain lactose. Lactose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose, and requires the enzyme lactase for proper digestion. Without adequate lactase, lactose travels to the large intestine unprocessed, causing symptoms of lactose intolerance when fermented by bacteria.
In regions such as Wisconsin with a strong Germanic heritage, the demand for dairy is high due to a higher prevalence of lactose tolerance. This dietary preference is shaped by evolutionary factors, where those with the ability to digest lactose had an advantage in regions where milk was a significant food source.