Final answer:
The rise and downfall of the Rana rule in Nepal can be attributed to political instability, economic challenges, and population growth.
Step-by-step explanation:
The rise and downfall of the Rana rule in Nepal can be attributed to several causes. One major factor was political instability and civil unrest, which led to protests and opposition movements. This eventually culminated in a peace accord and the establishment of a federal democratic republic. Another cause was economic challenges, including a depressed economy and a lack of tourism due to the political instability. Additionally, the fast-growing population and loss of food-growing capacity in Nepal contributed to the downfall of the Rana rule.
However, the Rana regime's downfall was primarily due to the growing discontentment among the population, sparked by the lack of political freedom and economic distress. This discontentment gave rise to frequent protests and civil unrest, signaling a strong demand for change. The situation was exacerbated by the rise of opposition political parties and movements, like the Maoist Communist movement, which eventually led to a peace accord. The shifting political landscape culminated in the declaration of a federal democratic republic, and the election of Nepal's first president in 2008.