Final answer:
Bronchospasms cause breathing difficulties due to bronchoconstriction, the decrease in bronchiole size. A tracheotomy opens the trachea, and a bronchoscope is the instrument used in a bronchoscopy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Bronchospasms make breathing difficult because they cause a decrease in the size of the bronchiole due to contraction of the muscular wall, a condition known as bronchoconstriction. Conversely, bronchodilation occurs when there is an increase in the size of the bronchiole due to contraction of the muscular wall. A tracheotomy is a surgical procedure that opens up the trachea, which is the tubular organ of the respiratory system carrying air between the larynx and bronchi, also known as the windpipe. During a bronchoscopy, a medical procedure to view the inside of the airways for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, the instrument used is called a bronchoscope.