Final answer:
Administrative orders, presidential memoranda, and national security findings are tools used by the President to direct government operations. Executive orders carry the weight of law and have historically been used in times of war and national security. Presidential memoranda address specific issues, while national security findings guide intelligence and defense operations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Administrative orders, presidential memoranda, and national security findings are all instruments used by the President of the United States to guide the operations of the federal government. Administrative orders include executive orders, which are directives to executive branch administrators on how to implement legislation and are treated as equivalent to laws by the courts. Some well-known executive orders include Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and Franklin D. Roosevelt's order for the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II. Presidential memoranda are somewhat like executive orders but typically address a more narrow range of issues and do not require publication in the Federal Register unless the President determines that they have general applicability and legal effect. As for national security findings, these are presidential directives that provide guidance on national security matters and often pertain to intelligence and defense operations.
Executive orders have historically been a critical tool for Presidents, particularly in times of national security concerns or war. For example, Presidents have used executive orders to deploy military forces, as seen with presidents taking the lead in conflicts such as Korea, Vietnam, and the Persian Gulf. In the realm of foreign policy, the executive branch plays a central role, with the President leading the efforts supported by the national security adviser, the State Department, the Defense Department, the Department of Homeland Security, and intelligence agencies.
Overall, the President has the power to use these orders to guide the federal government's operations, particularly in areas related to national security, foreign policy, and wartime actions.