Final answer:
Jerusalem was the city conquered by Muslims in 1244, during a period of intensive conflicts over the Holy Land known as the Crusades.
Step-by-step explanation:
The city that had been conquered by the Muslims in 1244 is Jerusalem. This event was part of the broader historical conflicts during the time known as the Crusades, where the control of the Holy Land was contested between Muslim forces and Christian Crusaders. Jerusalem changed hands multiple times during the various Crusades, and in 1244, it was taken by the Khwarezmian Turks, who were Muslim. This period in history is marked by its significant religious and cultural conflicts.