Final answer:
This Physics problem is focused on using the Doppler effect formula to calculate the frequency heard by one train when another train is blowing a whistle, as they travel towards each other.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of the question involves calculating the frequency heard by one train when another train is blowing a whistle. This is a problem involving the Doppler effect, which describes the change in frequency of a wave in relation to an observer moving relative to the source of the wave. In this case, we use the Doppler shift formula f' = f(v + vo)/(v + vs), where f' is the observed frequency, f is the source frequency, v is the speed of sound, vo is the speed of the observer, and vs is the speed of the source. Since the trains are moving towards each other, the observer's velocity (vo) will be negative as it is approaching the source of the sound. Assuming the speed of sound in air is approximately 343 m/s (this can vary slightly with temperature), the frequency heard on the other train can be calculated with the provided relative speed of 30.5 m/s and the original frequency of 500 Hz.