Final answer:
The principle that the same geological processes we observe today have been at work throughout Earth's history is known as uniformitarianism, first proposed by James Hutton and later advocated by Charles Lyell. option B is correct
Step-by-step explanation:
The idea that understanding modern geological processes is the key to understanding the Earth's geological history is known as uniformitarianism. This principle was first proposed by Scottish geologist James Hutton in the late 18th century, and it was later elaborated by Charles Lyell.
maintains that the mechanisms of change on Earth have been consistent over time, suggesting that the same natural laws and processes that operate in the present have operated in the past at similar rates.
This contrasts with catastrophism, which argues that Earth's features were formed by sudden, short-lived, violent events, and predates the development of theories like continental drift and plate tectonics. option B is correct