Final answer:
The laboratory test indicating renal function is the blood urea nitrogen (BUN), which estimates urea in the blood and serves as a key indicator of kidney health.
Step-by-step explanation:
The laboratory test that indicates renal function is the blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The BUN test is an estimate of urea in the blood and is a primary indicator of kidney function. Blood tests to assess renal function commonly include the estimation of blood urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine. Healthy ranges for BUN are typically 8-20 mg/dl, and for plasma creatinine 0.8-1.2 mg/dl for males and 0.6-0.9 mg/dl for females. Other tests may include the creatinine clearance test, which measures the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and urine tests such as specific gravity (sp. gr.) to assess the concentrating capacity of the kidneys. A normal specific gravity value is 1.020; lower values may indicate an abnormality in the kidneys' ability to concentrate urine.