Final answer:
The ventral surface of the basis of the lower half of the pons contains the basilar artery, which runs along the dorsal surface of the brain stem and plays a vital role in brain function and regulation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The structure exhibited on the ventral surface of the basis of the lower half of the pons and containing the basilar artery is crucial for the regulation of several important functions. Within the internal structures of the pons, the basilar artery runs along the dorsal surface of the brain stem, providing blood supply to crucial areas of the brain. The pons, a key component of the brain stem, serves as the main bridge-like connection with the cerebellum and contains gray matter that handles descending input from the forebrain to the cerebellum.