Final answer:
Colliding (convergent) and separating (divergent) tectonic plates both cause earthquakes and geologic changes due to their movement. They differ in that colliding plates form mountains and subduction zones, while separating plates create mid-ocean ridges and rifts.
The correct option is b.
Step-by-step explanation:
The effects of colliding plates and separating plates are both similar and different in several ways. For similarity, they both involve the movement of tectonic plates and can create earthquakes. However, they differ in the geologic features they produce and the mechanics of their interaction.
Colliding plates, also known as convergent boundaries, can form mountains through a process where one plate slides under another - known as subduction. They can also create deep ocean trenches and have a range of earthquake depths. In contrast, separating plates, or divergent boundaries, move away from each other, creating rifts and mid-ocean ridges. These are typically characterized by shallow earthquakes and some volcanic activity.
Another important aspect is the shape of tectonic plate boundaries, which can be curved or segmented, reflecting the spherical shape of the Earth. This complexity in boundary shape affects the way plates interact and influences the geographical features formed as a result. Transform boundaries, where plates slide past one another, generally have shallow earthquakes and lack volcanic activity.
The correct option is b.