Final answer:
The parol evidence rule generally excludes words spoken before the execution of a written contract and during negotiations from contradicting a written contract's terms.
Step-by-step explanation:
The parol evidence rule generally excludes from contradicting the terms of a written contract words spoken before the execution of a written contract (Option 2) and words spoken during negotiations leading up to the execution of a written contract (Option 4). The basic premise of the rule is to preserve the integrity of the written agreement, assuming it is the final and complete expression of the parties' intent. Oral statements or agreements made prior to or at the time of the written contract usually cannot be used to change, contradict, or add to the terms of the written document.
This rule is often invoked when there's a dispute as to the terms of the contract, ensuring that courts rely on the written document itself rather than extrinsic statements. However, there are exceptions to this rule, such as when there is a claim of fraud, mistake, or when the contract is incomplete or ambiguous.