Question

What is required in order for the electron transport chain to begin?

a) Oxygen
b) Glucose
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Water
Where does the electron transport chain take place?
a) Cytoplasm
b) Mitochondria
c) Nucleus
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
What is the electron transport chain made up of?
a) Fatty acids
b) Amino acids
c) Proteins and complexes
d) Simple sugars
How do protons contribute towards making ATP?
a) They break down glucose
b) They generate a proton gradient
c) They form water molecules
d) They release energy as heat
Matter is neither created nor destroyed. Explain how this law is applied to the electron transport chain regarding the electrons.
a) Electrons are created during the chain
b) Electrons are destroyed during the chain
c) Electrons are conserved and transferred
d) Electrons are converted into protons
How is water formed during the electron transport chain?
a) Water is not formed in the chain
b) Water is a byproduct of ATP synthesis
c) Water is produced by the breakdown of glucose
d) Water is created when electrons combine with oxygen
What occurs at the ATP Synthase?
a) Electron transport
b) Synthesis of ATP
c) Glycolysis
d) DNA replication
Cyanide is a powerful substance that was produced as a weapon for the first time during World War I. Cyanide directly affects cytochrome c by inhibiting its activities. Using what you know about the electron transport chain, how does cyanide affect cells?
a) Cyanide enhances ATP production
b) Cyanide has no effect on cells
c) Cyanide inhibits ATP production
d) Cyanide increases cell division

Answer 1

Oxygen is required for the electron transport chain to begin, which occurs in the mitochondria and is composed of protein complexes. Protons generate a gradient used for ATP synthesis at ATP Synthase, while oxygen combines with electrons to form water. Cyanide inhibits ATP production by affecting cytochrome c.

Step-by-step explanation:

In order for the electron transport chain to begin, oxygen is required as the final electron acceptor. The electron transport chain takes place in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. This chain is made up of proteins and complexes that function as electron carriers and ion pumps.

Protons contribute towards making ATP by generating a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane, which is then utilized by ATP synthase to produce ATP in a process known as chemiosmosis. According to the law of conservation of mass, electrons are not created nor destroyed during the chain; rather, they are conserved and transferred to different molecules, including oxygen to form water.

Water is formed during the electron transport chain when electrons combine with oxygen to produce water molecules as a byproduct. At the ATP Synthase, synthesis of ATP occurs as it uses the energy from the proton gradient to add a phosphate group to ADP, forming ATP. When cells are exposed to cyanide, it affects the electron transport chain by inhibiting cytochrome c, leading to the inhibition of ATP production because of the disruption of the electron transport chain.