Final answer:
The conversion of glucose to energy without oxygen during photosynthesis is known as fermentation, which involves only glycolysis to produce ATP in the absence of oxygen, as seen in human muscles and yeast.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process which glucose made during photosynthesis is converted to energy without oxygen is called fermentation. Unlike aerobic respiration, which includes glycolysis, oxidation of pyruvate, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain, fermentation only involves glycolysis and allows cells to produce ATP in the absence of oxygen. This process is crucial for many microorganisms and is also used by human muscle cells under anaerobic conditions, such as during intense exercise.
An important example of fermentation is the conversion of glucose to lactic acid in human muscles when oxygen is scarce, and the production of alcohol and carbon dioxide in yeast, which is utilized in bread-making and brewing industries. Photosynthesis, on the other hand, is the process by which plants use solar energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. The glucose can then be used directly or stored as starch for later use.