Question

What are three complications of central venous catheters?

1) Infection
2) Thrombosis
3) Pneumothorax
4) All of the above

Answer 1

Central venous catheters can lead to complications such as infection, thrombosis, and pneumothorax, all of which pose serious health risks and require careful management.

Step-by-step explanation:

Central venous catheters are critical for the administration of medication or fluids over the long term, but they come with the risk of several complications. Three common complications include:

1. Infection: Pathogens can be introduced into the bloodstream through the catheter, leading to local infection sites or more systemic conditions like sepsis.
2. Thrombosis: The presence of a foreign body in the vein can lead to the formation of blood clots which can obstruct blood flow or lead to further complications if dislodged.
3. Pneumothorax: Incorrect placement of a catheter can injure the lung or adjacent structures, resulting in a collection of air in the chest cavity which may collapse a lung.

It is crucial to follow proper sterile procedures while inserting and maintaining central venous catheters to minimize these risks. Despite best practices, complications such as localized redness, warmth, and systemic signs of infection such as fever can indicate a need for immediate medical attention, as seen in the case of Barbara, a patient undergoing chemotherapy.