Final answer:
The nucleus, ER, Golgi, endosomes, and lysosomes likely originated from infoldings in the plasma membrane of an ancestral cell. They form the endomembrane system, which works together to modify, package, tag, and transport proteins and lipids. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is where proteins are synthesized and modified, while the Golgi apparatus organizes and packages them. Lysosomes are responsible for digestion, recycling, and destroying pathogens.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nucleus, ER, Golgi, endosomes, and lysosomes most likely originated from infoldings in the plasma membrane of an ancestral cell. These infoldings gave rise to endomembrane components, including the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum. The endomembrane system includes the nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, and the plasma membrane. These cellular components work together to modify, package, tag, and transport proteins and lipids. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is the site of protein synthesis and modification, while the Golgi apparatus organizes, modifies, packages, and tags these proteins. Lysosomes are responsible for digesting macromolecules, recycling worn-out organelles, and destroying pathogens.