Final answer:
Oligodendrocytes produce myelin in the CNS, while Schwann cells produce myelin in the PNS. Astrocytes are the most numerous glial cell in the CNS and have a role in the blood-brain barrier. Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells may function as neural stem cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the central nervous system (CNS), oligodendrocytes produce the myelin sheaths that insulate the axons. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the cells responsible for producing myelin sheaths are called Schwann cells.
The most numerous glial cell in the CNS is the astrocyte. Astrocytes play a vital role in maintaining the chemical environment around neurons and regulating the blood-brain barrier.
Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells may function as neural stem cells, which means they have the potential to generate new neurons.
In the CNS, astrocytes are required for the formation of synapses. They provide critical support for synapse formation, maintenance, and plasticity.