Final answer:
Filtration is the process of separating solids from fluids using a filter medium in artificial systems, while in the human body, the glomerulus of the kidney filters blood. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) estimates the volume of filtrate the kidneys produce, leading to the creation of urine after most solutes and water is recovered.
Step-by-step explanation:
Filtration is a vital process in both artificial systems and the human body. In artificial systems, such as water purification, filtration involves removing solids from a fluid using various filter media, such as artificial membranes or sand filters. This process depends on the particle size, filtering speed, and cleanliness requirements. On the other hand, in the human urinary system, filtration occurs in the glomerulus of the kidneys.
Approximately 2 to 3 million glomeruli filter the blood, excluding large elements like blood cells and albumen but allowing smaller solutes such as ions and amino acids to pass through, creating what is known as filtrate. This filtrate is then processed by the nephron, which recovers most of the solutes and water, ultimately producing urine. The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is an essential measurement indicating the amount of filtrate formed each minute. As the filtrate moves through the nephron, it undergoes various adjustments, eventually resulting in less than two liters of urine, the waste we excrete every day.