Question

Two distinct cell-types a myocyte and a neuron of the same individual posses the exact same genomes, yet each has specialized functions, distinct morphologies and locations in the body. How is this possible?

A) Control of recombination
B) Control of gene expression
C) Neurons express neurotransmitter receptor proteins
D) Stem cell differentiation
E) None of the above

Answer 1

Different cell types, such as myocytes and neurons, have specific functions and forms due to the control of gene expression and cell differentiation, where transcription factors mediate which genes are turned on or off.

Step-by-step explanation:

Myocytes and neurons, though distinct cell types in terms of morphology and function, both originate from the same genetic material within an individual. This phenotypic variation is possible due to control of gene expression (Choice B), where each cell type expresses a unique set of genes relevant to its specialization.

Essentially, cells undergo a process called differentiation, where they 'read' only parts of the DNA script necessary for their specific role, similar to actors performing their unique parts in a movie. Transcription factors play a key role in this process, determining which genes are active and which remain silent, thereby giving rise to the varied cell types composing a complete organism.