Final answer:
Heterochromatin formation results in gene silencing by promoting the condensation of chromatin and inhibiting gene expression. The correct answer is B).
Step-by-step explanation:
Heterochromatin formation is the result of extensive modifications to the N-terminal tail of histone H3. These modifications can promote the condensation of chromatin, which leads to gene silencing. When heterochromatin is formed, the chromatin structure becomes tightly packed, inhibiting gene expression. This is achieved through the recruitment of remodeling complexes and the displacement of histone proteins. Therefore, option B) Gene silencing is the correct answer.