Final answer:
During exercise, the body increases stroke volume, cardiac rate, and shunts blood to active tissues, but it does not increase vasoconstriction of coronary arteries; instead, it increases vasodilation to supply the heart with more blood.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question pertains to the physiological changes occurring during exercise. During exercise, the body experiences a series of cardiovascular adjustments to meet the increased demand for blood flow, especially to the skeletal muscles, heart, and other vital organs. These changes include increased stroke volume, which is the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat, and an increased cardiac rate to pump more blood throughout the body.
Blood is also shunted away from visceral (non-exercising) organs to the skeletal muscles and heart, mainly through selective vasodilation of blood vessels in these active tissues and vasoconstriction in less active areas like the digestive and reproductive organs. However, during exercise, there is an increased vasodilation of the coronary arteries to supply the heart with more oxygen and nutrients, not increased vasoconstriction as suggested in option D. Therefore, the correct answer is D, increased vasoconstriction of coronary arteries, as this does not occur during exercise.