Final answer:
The different performances of maze-bright and maze-dull rats depending on whether they are motivated by hunger or escape from water is an example of genotype-environment interaction. Their learning abilities, shaped by both genetic predisposition and environmental factors, demonstrate cognitive learning through the development of cognitive maps.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phenomenon described with maze-bright and maze-dull rats learning a maze under different motivational conditions is an example of genotype-environment interaction. This concept posits that the performance of different genotypes can vary depending on the environmental circumstances. In the given scenario, when the motivation is hunger, the maze-bright rats perform better, while in a situation where the motivation is escaping from water, the maze-dull rats excel. This illustrates that neither genotype is universally superior; rather, their performance is contingent upon the specific environmental context. Therefore, genetic predisposition and environmental factors together shape the behavior and learning capabilities of the rats.
Cognitive learning is at play here, as the rats are able to form cognitive maps and utilize learning to navigate the maze more effectively as they become more motivated. This type of learning demonstrates the ability to adapt to new situations and is evident in the varied response to different types of motivation. The fact that different groups of rats, selected for different abilities, demonstrate such varied performance in different conditions points to a clear interaction between their genetic makeup and their environment.