Final answer:
Passive exercises are types of movements where a therapist or another person moves the patient's limbs, often used in physical therapy for individuals unable to move on their own. These contrast with active, assisted, and active resistance exercises which involve different levels of patient participation. option b
Step-by-step explanation:
Exercises where someone other than the patient does the movement are known as B. Passive exercises. These are typically used in physical therapy settings where the patient may not be able to move their limb or is required to remain relaxed while the therapist moves the body part to maintain a range of motion in the joints, facilitate circulation, and prevent stiffness and contractures.
By contrast, active exercises involve the patient's own muscle effort, while assisted exercises involve both the therapist and the patient working together to perform the movement. Active resistance exercises are where the patient moves against an opposing force. In the context of muscle behavior, skeletal muscle and voluntary muscle refer to muscles that are consciously controlled, while smooth muscle is involuntary. Furthermore, muscle contraction results in either isotonic movements, where muscles change length, or isometric movements, where muscle length stays the same but tension increases.