Final answer:
When two genes are located in close proximity on the same chromosome, their alleles tend to be transmitted together. However, as the distance between two genes increases, the alleles become independent, resulting in linkage equilibrium.
Step-by-step explanation:
When two genes are located in close proximity on the same chromosome, their alleles are more likely to be transmitted through meiosis together.
For example, in a dihybrid cross involving flower color and plant height, if the genes are next to each other on the chromosome, the tall and red alleles will go together into one gamete, and the short and yellow alleles will go into other gametes.
This phenomenon is known as genetic linkage.
However, as the distance between two genes increases, the likelihood of a crossover event between them also increases, and the genes behave more as if they are on separate chromosomes.
In this case, the alleles carried on a chromosome at one locus become independent of the alleles carried on the chromosome at another locus, and the two loci are said to be in linkage equilibrium