Final answer:
The term that best describes the management approach focused on hierarchy, tasks, and efficiency is bureaucratic management, which includes formalized rules and job specialization as part of its organizational structure.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that describes an approach to management that emphasizes the manager's role in a formal hierarchy of authority, and concentrates on the tasks, machines, and systems needed for efficient task accomplishment is bureaucratic management. This approach includes a hierarchy of authority, job specialization, and formalized rules to create an efficient method of organizing people and work for large-scale tasks and operations. It is commonly applied in both government and private sector organizations, but can also be subject to criticism for resulting in waste and rigidity.
In bureaucratic management, an employee is part of a chain of command where tasks and responsibilities flow from a higher level to a lower level within the organization. Fredrick Taylor's principles of scientific management also share similarities with bureaucratic management in terms of seeking efficiency and reducing work to repetitive tasks, but the former is more closely associated with strategies for labor productivity and operational efficiency in specific, like in factory settings.