Final answer:
Galileo provided evidence for a sun-centered solar system through his telescopic observations of Venus's full range of phases and the existence of moons orbiting Jupiter, both supporting the Copernican heliocentric theory. option c is correct
Step-by-step explanation:
Galileo found evidence for a sun-centered solar system by both showing Venus went through a full cycle of phases and observing that Jupiter had moons orbiting it. The discovery that Venus exhibits full phases similar to the Moon was critical, as it indicated Venus must revolve around the Sun, revealing different parts of its daylight side at various times, directly contradicting Ptolemy's geocentric model.
In addition, the observation of four moons orbiting Jupiter demonstrated that not all celestial bodies revolved around the Earth, showing the existence of centers of motion that are in motion themselves. This contradicted the prevailing belief at the time that if Earth was in motion, the Moon would be left behind, yet Jupiter's moons were clearly orbiting an object in motion.
These observations supported the Copernican theory of a heliocentric solar system and challenged the traditional geocentric view. Galileo's findings were instrumental in the eventual acceptance of the heliocentric model, marking a significant advancement in the field of astronomy and our understanding of the cosmos. option c is correct