Final answer:
The factory system in American history ushered in the Industrial Age of the mid to late nineteenth century, transforming the economy and society from primarily agrarian to industrial. This period saw the development of mechanized production, centralized factories, and the growth of industries.
Step-by-step explanation:
The factory system in American history ushered in the Industrial Age. This period of industrialization occurred primarily in the mid to late nineteenth century and led to a shift from an agrarian economy to an industrial economy. The development of the factory system allowed for the mechanization and centralization of production, leading to the growth of industries and the transformation of American society from primarily rural to significantly urban.
During this period, manufacturing expanded rapidly, starting in New England with water-powered textile mills. These mills introduced mechanized production and wage labor, replacing earlier modes of artisan production. Industrialization spread to other parts of the United States, leading to a quadrupling of industrial workers and a doubling of urban populations from 1880 to 1920.
The industrialization of various crafts, such as shoe making, leather tanning, papermaking, and gun making, also took place during the nineteenth century. The factory system brought both benefits and challenges. While it increased the standard of living for many people, it also subjected workers to harsh work discipline, degradation of craft skills, long hours, and low wages. Factory workers, including women and children, faced difficult conditions.