Final answer:
The Himalayas are an example of a mountain range where the rain shadow effect is observed, with monsoon moisture from the Indian Ocean creating heavy precipitation on the windward side and dry conditions on the leeward side. option 1 is correct
Step-by-step explanation:
You're asking which mountain ranges are an example of observing the rain shadow effect with rising humid air cooling to create precipitation. The answer is the Himalayas. This mountain range is particularly known for its significant impact on regional climate patterns due to the rain shadow effect. When monsoon rains, fueled by the Indian Ocean, hit the southern slopes of the Himalayas
they result in heavy precipitation. However, as this moist air rises and cools, it loses its moisture, which falls as rain or snow. Then, as the air descends on the leeward side, into regions like western China, it warms up and becomes dry, leading to an arid or semi-arid climate. This effect creates drastic differences in climate on either side of the range, with lush landscapes on the windward side and dry, desert conditions on the leeward side. option 1 is correct