Final answer:
The emotional state not cited as a cause of prenatal development problems in your book is happiness. Anxiety, depression, and stress are recognized as potentially contributing to issues in prenatal development.
Step-by-step explanation:
The emotional state not mentioned in the book as a cause of problems during prenatal development is happiness. In contrast, emotional states like anxiety, depression, and stress are known to potentially contribute to issues in prenatal development. It has been widely recognized in the literature that these negative emotional states can affect the mother's hormonal balance and potentially lead to adverse outcomes for the developing fetus. For instance, high levels of stress and anxiety during pregnancy can lead to increased risk of preterm birth and low birth weight. Depression during pregnancy can similarly affect the fetus, potentially resulting in developmental delays or prenatal distress.
During pregnancy, it is thus important for expectant mothers to mitigate these negative emotional states and seek support to promote a healthy developmental environment for their unborn child. While happiness is generally associated with positive outcomes for both the mother and the developing fetus, it is not identified as a cause of developmental problems.