Final answer:
Students who have learning goals versus ability-based goals generally achieve higher academic success, focus on personal growth and improvement, and have a growth mindset rather than a fixed mindset.
Step-by-step explanation:
When students have learning goals instead of ability-based goals, they tend to achieve higher academic success, focus on personal growth and improvement, and have a growth mindset rather than a fixed mindset. Learning goals are centered around the desire to gain knowledge and skills, while ability-based goals focus on proving oneself and demonstrating existing abilities.
For example, a student with a learning goal might strive to understand a difficult math concept, even if it takes multiple attempts and practice. On the other hand, a student with an ability-based goal might be more concerned with getting a high score on a math test to prove their intelligence.
Having a learning goal mindset helps students to persevere through challenges and see setbacks as opportunities for growth, rather than giving up easily. They are more likely to seek help when faced with difficulties and are more open to feedback and constructive criticism.