Final answer:
The ΔG' for the inward transport of sodium ions is an endergonic reaction requiring energy; however, none of the answer choices match the correct free energy change value, so the correct answer is 'none of the above'.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks about the change in free energy (ΔG') for the inward transport of sodium ions, which is related to the concept of active transport in cells. In biological systems, active transport refers to the movement of substances against their concentration gradient using energy, commonly from the hydrolysis of ATP. The hydrolysis of one ATP molecule releases energy and is an exergonic reaction, with a ΔG of -7.3 kcal/mol. Moving one sodium ion across a membrane requires 2.1 kcal/mol of energy, which is an endergonic reaction (ΔG = +2.1 kcal/mol). Since exergonic reactions release energy and endergonic reactions consume energy, the net free energy change for the transport of one sodium ion inward would be positive, meaning it requires an input of external energy.
Accordingly, the ΔG' for the inward transport of sodium ions would be +2.1 kcal/mol, making this an endergonic reaction. Therefore, option 1) +5.233 kcal/mol; an endergonic reaction cannot be correct since it specifies a different energy value, and options 2), 3), and 4) are also incorrect for similar reasons. The correct answer would be option 5), "none of the above" as the values provided in the options do not match the correct free energy change for moving a sodium ion across the cell membrane.