After a large disturbance, the first species to appear are lichens and mosses or small annual plants that are considered as fast-growing weedy species. They are considered as non-vascular plants. After their appearance, grasses and perennials appear. Next successions are shrubs and shade-intolerant trees as intermediate species. Protists and prokaryotes appear after the inhabitation of plants and fungi in the environment. The climax species are the vascular plants such as oak.
Answer - Option 3