Final answer:
1) Imitation
4) Turnabouts
Imitation and turnabouts are effective strategies used by language facilitators to help a child maintain a topic. These techniques involve repeating the child's words and prompting further dialogue while off-topic responding is ineffective.
Step-by-step explanation:
Language facilitators can use various strategies to help a child maintain a topic during conversation. Among the strategies, imitation and turnabouts are effective. Imitation involves the adult repeating or paraphrasing what the child has said, to show attention and encourage the child to continue on the topic.
Turnabouts are responses that both address what the child has said and then add a question or comment to prompt the child to respond further, fostering a back-and-forth dialogue.
These methods encourage language development and maintain conversation topics. It is important to note that off-topic responding would not help in maintaining the subject, as it could lead the conversation away from the original topic.