Final answer:
White-nose syndrome caused by the fungal pathogen Geomyces destructans is responsible for the catastrophic population decline of bats, specifically cave-hibernating bats in eastern North America.
Step-by-step explanation:
The catastrophic population decline of bats is primarily caused by a fungal pathogen called Geomyces destructans, which is responsible for a disease known as white-nose syndrome. This fungus infects cave-hibernating bats in eastern North America and has resulted in the decimation of bat populations and the potential extinction of endangered species. The exact way the fungus was introduced is unclear, but it is possible that recreational cavers unintentionally brought it on clothes or equipment from Europe.
White-nose syndrome is characterized by the formation of white filaments on the noses of bats, leading to various physiological and behavioral changes that significantly impact their survival. The disease weakens the bats, affects their hibernation patterns, and causes them to wake up more frequently during winter, leading to a depletion of energy reserves and increased mortality rates.
The decline in bat populations is a serious concern as bats play important roles in ecosystems. They help control insect populations, pollinate plants, and disperse seeds. Efforts are being made to study and mitigate the impact of white-nose syndrome to protect bat populations and maintain the balance of ecosystems.